Wednesday, December 25, 2019

How to Use a Library for Research

For some students, one of the biggest differences between high school and college is the amount and depth of research that is required for research papers. College professors expect students to be quite adept at researching, and for some students, this is a big change from high school. This is not to say that high school teachers dont do a great job of preparing students for college-level research—quite the contrary! Teachers fill a tough and essential role in teaching students how to research and write. College professors simply require students to take that skill to a new level. For example, you may soon discover that many college professors won’t accept encyclopedia articles as sources. Encyclopedias are great for finding a compact, informative accumulation of research on a specific topic. They are a great resource for finding the basic facts, but they are limited when it comes to offering interpretations of the facts. Professors require students to dig a little deeper than that, accumulate their own evidence from broader sources, and form opinions about their sources as well as the specific topics. For this reason, college-bound students should become familiar with the library and all its terms, rules, and methods. They should also have the confidence to venture outside the comfort of the local public library and explore more diverse resources. Card Catalog For years, the card catalog was the only resource for finding much of the material available in the library. Now, of course, much of the catalog information has become available on computers. But not so fast! Most libraries still have resources that haven’t been added to the computer database. As a matter of fact, some of the most interesting items—the items in special collections, for instance—will be the last to be computerized. There are many reasons for this. Some documents are old, some are hand-written, and some are too fragile or too cumbersome to handle. Sometimes it’s a matter of manpower. Some collections are so extensive and some staffs are so small, that the collections will take years to computerize. For this reason, it’s a good idea to practice using the card catalog. It offers an alphabetical listing of titles, authors, and subjects. The catalog entry gives the call number of the source. The call number is used to locate the specific physical location of your source. Call Numbers Each book in the library has a specific number, called a call number. Public libraries contain many books of fiction and books relevant to general use. For this reason, public libraries often use the Dewey Decimal System, the preferred system for fictional books and general use books. Generally, fiction books are alphabetized by the author under this system. Research libraries use a very different system, called the Library of Congress (LC) system. Under this system, books are sorted by topic instead of the author. The first section of the LC call number (before the decimal) refers to the subject of the book. That is why, when browsing books on shelves, you will notice that books are always surrounded by other books on the same topic. Library shelves are usually labeled on each end, to indicate which call numbers are contained within the particular aisle. Computer Search Computer searches are great, but they can be confusing. Libraries are usually affiliated or connected to other libraries (university systems or county systems). For this reason, computer databases will often list books that are not located in your local library. For instance, your public library computer may give you a â€Å"hit† on a certain book. On closer inspection, you may discover that this book is only available at a different library in the same system (county). Don’t let this confuse you! This is actually a great way to locate rare books or books that are published and distributed within a small geographic location. Just be aware of codes or other indication which specify the location of your source. Then ask your librarian about interlibrary loans. If you want to limit your search to your own library, it is possible to conduct internal searches. Just become familiar with the system. When using a computer, be sure to keep a pencil handy and write down the call number carefully, to avoid sending yourself on a wild goose chase! Remember, it’s a good idea to consult the computer and the card catalog, to avoid missing a great source. If you already enjoy research, youll grow to love special collections departments. Archives and special collections contain the most interesting items youll encounter as you conduct your research, such as valuable and unique objects of historical and cultural significance. Things like letters, diaries, rare and local publications, pictures, original drawings, and early maps are located in special collections. Rules Each library or archive will have a set of rules relevant to its own special collections room or department. Normally, any special collection will be set apart from the public areas and will require special permission to enter or to access. You may be required to put most of your belongings into a locker as you enter the room or building where special items are held. Things like pens, markers, beepers, phones, are not permitted, as they could damage delicate collection items or disrupt other researchers.You may find special collections materials by doing a normal library search with index cards, but the search process may differ from place to place.Some libraries will have all the collections materials indexed in their electronic databases, but some will have special books or guides for the special collections. Dont worry, someone will always be on hand to guide you and let you know where to find materials that sound interesting.Some material will be available on microfilm or microfiche. Film items are usually kept in drawers, and you can probably retrieve either of these yourself. Once you find the right film, you will need to read it on a machine. These machines may differ from place to place, so just ask for a little direction.If you conduct a search and identify a rare item youd like to view, you will probably have to fill out a request for it. Ask for a request form, fill it in, and turn it in. One of the archivists will retrieve the item for you and tell you how to handle it. You may have to sit at a specific table and wear gloves to view the item. Does this process sound a little intimidating? Dont be frightened off by the rules! They are put into place so that archivists can protect their very special collections! Youll soon find that some of these items are so intriguing and so valuable to your research that theyre well worth the extra effort.

Tuesday, December 17, 2019

The Flames By Lawrence And Nancy Goldstone - 1381 Words

Fire burns everything; it brings nothing but destruction and ruin. Miguel Servetus and his ideas were meant to burn at the stake, but they are still around today, Out of the Flames by Lawrence and Nancy Goldstone explains the importance of his ideas and the history around it. Although this book provides a lot of important information, a lot of it is unnecessary. The authors jump around a lot trying to present their argument and their research. This book is a book about a book that discusses the importance of books. Books are threatening because they pass of ideas where everyone believes they have freedom of speech. But for Servetus, it was considered Heresy. He went against the Catholic Church and disproved the Holy Trinity by arguing that the Trinity was never mentioned in the Bible. Servetus believed that the teachings of the Trinity were actually false teachings by Greek philosophers. Enraged by these ideas, Servetus wrote 3 books about how the Trinity does not exist. These three books got Servetus into a lot of trouble; his books were banned, making readers want them even more. The Catholic Church was not happy that Servetus was not only challenging the natural order of things but also challenging and threatening society and natural God. The Goldstones talk about go on tangents while talking about Servetus and his life and his constant escapes and disguises so that he could avoid being put to death. Evidently, as mentioned earlier, Servetus could not escape fate and

Monday, December 9, 2019

Strategic Change in the Facilities of Healthcare

Question: Describe about the Strategic Change in the Facilities of Healthcare. Answer: Summary This qualitative study was carried out for exploring the perceptions of the healthcare managers on their initiatives of strategic change in the facilities of healthcare. The interview questions were developed and the midlevel managers were involved in the study blended with the experiences of the researching SMEs, authors knowledge of change management and theoretical literature (Stake, 2013). For this multiple case study design, five in-depth face to face interviews were carried out with five managers and administrators from the healthcare organizations. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews over the telephone or face-to-face and recording with a digital recording device. A comparative study was carried out between the actual findings and the theoretical framework for revealing the knowledge gained and variances from this study (Yin, 2014). The interview protocol was thoroughly aligned with the research questions and the reports were generated after data analysis. A set o f central research questions were aligned with the interview protocol and six questions were framed for interviewing the health administrators. The interpretations of the findings focused on the responses of the participants for answering the interview questions during the process of narrative inquiry (Hancock Algozzine, 2015). Based on the first research question, the participants were asked to explore five different themes of their experiences and from the second research question and from the second research question, they explored another five different themes. This qualitative study aimed at exploring the perceptions of the healthcare managers on the nature of the strategic initiatives in the facilities of healthcare. There have been several studies conducted to explore the contextual factors that are specific to the sector of healthcare however, these studies failed to deliver the appropriate change management models that are to be practiced by the healthcare administrators. From the semi-structured interview of the participants, ten themes were identified through the cross-case synthesis and thematic analysis (Yin, 2014). The reported experiences, attitudes and comments of the managers were gathered in the study as first hand information and these were compared with the data generated from other similar studies. The evaluation of the study findings was dependent on the textual data analysis that was presented in the earlier section of the study and the results obtained were addressed which were from the existing literature in the context of management profession and healthcare facilitates. The generated themes in this study were based on the change management that the participants had implemented within their respective organizations being a part of the management team. Discussion In the management of the healthcare sector, one of the key aspect is change management and the and the healthcare professionals are obligated for maintaining and acquiring the expertise required for undertaking the professional tasks that are within their competence. Handling the complexity of the process reflects the ability to manage change. It is about the process of implementing, planning and evaluating operations, strategies and tactics that makes sure that the relevant and worthwhile (Cummings Worley, 2014). Change management is a challenging, dynamic and complex process and is not a choice between people-oriented or technological solutions but is a combination of all of them. This is evident from this qualitative and multiple case study that explored the perceptions of the healthcare managers and the strategic change initiatives undertaken by them in their healthcare facilities. In response to the first research question of the perception of the healthcare managers regarding the nature of the successful initiatives of strategic change, there were five different themes on which the participants responded. For the first theme that stated about the requirement of research to get rid of the old, all the participants emphasized on the factors on which a successful initiative of strategic change depends on and it includes flexibility, security and self-confidence of the leader. The leader have to be open to the concept that the old ways are not good enough to work with and new ways have to be adopted and this will lead to the successful change initiatives in their respective organizations. Effective change is characterized as the unfreezing of the old behaviors which is followed by the introduction of the new behaviors (Grol et al., 2013). Change can be rare, occasional, sporadic and continuous. Predictable change provides the preparative time whereas unpredictable change is a tougher process as it is difficult to respond to such changes effectively. Most of the changes in the healthcare sector occurs rapidly and falls under the category of unpredictable changes (Longest Jr Darr, 2014). The participants agreed to the fact that the healthcare organizations often suffers due to the lack of the capacities of the administrators to successfully adapt the change initiative in the rapidly changing scenario of healthcare systems. Therefore, it was a combined suggestion from them that the managers of healthcare must be apprised of the recent policies in healthcare and the changing demographic populations for bringing a new vision to their respective organization. The second theme of the first research question focused on building of effective strategies of communication with the organization and in response to this, all the participants stated that it is crucial to implement such strategies and review periodically for keeping the change initiatives going. Promotion of change is fatiguing and demanding and requires the managers to exhibit perseverance against the norms and habits of the existing behaviors along with challenging the precedent. Bringing about the change is a time consuming process and requires the time and commitment of the managers (Goetsch Davis, 2014). They should realize the values that matters to the organization and focus on changing only those aspects that are essential rather than responding to every change invitation. The managers should be able to identify the changes and be judgmental of the appropriate changes. They should have a clear conscience of what is really important and develop the proactive actions and resp onses accordingly. During the study, all the participating managers agreed to the fact that the credibility of the leader for managing the initiatives of change pivots on the ability of the leader to communicate clearly about the rationale of the change. The next theme included involvement of the team members in the initiatives of change initiative in response to which, the participants stated that it is required by the organization to define clearly the expectations, roles and goals of the individual team members. Change initiatives are incomplete without the involvement of the team members in the process of decision making. Even if the change has been endorsed, the employees try to understand the requirement of the change and the result of the change, particularly its effect on them (Ottersen et al., 2014). Organizational changes like layoffs can lead to disastrous consequences like insecurities, anger, confusion and paranoia among the employees under the change auspices. The lead er might also face stagnation, de-motivation and resistance within the team and the change initiative might prove to be faulty. Therefore, the leader should take up the responsibility to set the example of collaborative teamwork and this will facilitate the change as the team members follow the guidance. The next theme advised to be transparent about the long term vision for the organization and in response to this, three out of a total of five participants discussed the transparency issue and its effect on the initiatives of change management. A feeling of mistrust is generated among the team members for the manager initiated changes due to lack of complete disclosure and the consequences of the initiatives of change makes the team members worried. In perspective to this, it can be stated that the only competitive advantage that is sustainable in todays business world is the ability to follow the cycle of change, adapt and evolve. It should also be done better than the rest of the competitors. A number of different factors can be attributed to the failure rates which include lack of commitment and vision from the senior managers, poorly conceived plans of implementation and limited integration with the other processes and systems within the organization (Kuipers et al., 2014). If th e organizations desire to experience higher success levels in their efforts for development, the managers along with their team members need to have better thinking framework regarding change and a detailed understanding is required of the critical issues that accompanies the process of change initiatives. Establishment of a clear vision regarding the direction of the process of change is a crucial element for the assurance of successful change. Monitoring and measuring the change outcomes is important for recognizing whether the process of change has met its purpose. Transparency adds to the trustworthy and honesty of the managers and the managers who fail to gain the trust of their team members, surely lose their trust with the passage of time (Lorenzi Riley, 2013). During the interview process, all the participants agreed to the fact that delivering quality care to the patient is a critical issue and trust is required in healthcare organizations between the team members and the managers. In the absence of trust, a negative effect becomes predominant in the administrative reforms which lead to lower performance of the healthcare personnel and ultimately bring on the disaster of the healthcare organization. The last theme of the first research question was continuation of the professional and personal development of the leader and in response to this, all the participants agreed to the fact that the mangers should and must participate in the process of personal development and continuing education in the healthcare administration. This will increase the knowledge and expertise of the mangers to meet the new challenges in the healthcare policies of the updated medical practices, health insurance issues and financial budgets. The managers are constantly being judged by their abilities to face challenges and are benchmarked against their peers. In an organization, the goalposts for the organization keeps moving and this is because of changing legislation, custo mer demand, recent technologies and chief executives with different visions (Abdelhak, Grostick Hanken, 2014). These changes have an impact on the managers and consecutively on the team members and therefore, there is a need for continuous professional and personal development of the managers and leaders of healthcare organizations. Along with the external challenges, the internal challenges also make up the change initiatives difficult for the managers and some of the common internal challenges include conflicts among the team members, decreasing medical errors and sorting the misuse of the medical services. Therefore, the managers must have adequate knowledge and personal integrity to address these issues and this is only possible through continual professional development and acquiring of soft skills. Soft skills are equally important as they aid to improve the ability to handle conflicts and emotions in the organization through superior communication skills (Hayes, 2014). Peopl e management skills are essential to bring about changes in the healthcare organization and therefore, learning opportunities have to be developed for the managers and team members to effectively bringing about the change. The second research question inquired about the perception of the healthcare managers regarding the impact of the successful initiatives of change within their respective organizations. Out of the five themes supporting the research question, the first theme was about the high performing teams and in response to that, all the participants agreed to the fact that a successful change initiative requires the strengthening of their team performance. The teams should have mutual trust to be effective and sustain their high performance in the environment of dramatic changes in healthcare organizations. The teams built on mutual respect and trust thrives during the change processes if they have shared goals and vision and shared accountability and leadership (Fitzgerald Dufour, 2013). If the managers fail to incorporate these in their teams, their performance decrease, their productivity undermines, the team members might feel defensive and finally crumble. If the success is made apparent in the process of a change initiative, this increases the morale of the team members which ultimately increase the quality of services due to increased personal satisfaction. With clear direction from the managers, the team members tend to focus on making the things better without periodic intervention by the managers for the change initiatives. The second theme talked about improved customer service and in response to this, all the participants expressed an awareness regarding the complaints of the patients about the healthcare services delivery. One of the participants presented statistical figures about the present financial crisis in the hospitals of US that needs an immediate change. It is evident that appropriate change initiatives can result in better service delivery to the patients in a healthcare organization. The success of healthcare business is linked strongly with sustaining and establishing a superior customer experience and change initiatives based on a proven framew ork can promote a patient-centered approach to service delivery. Introduction of this approach at an appropriate stage of the process of change initiative can be crucial for its adoption by the healthcare organization (Watts et al., 2015). Since changes are continuous in healthcare organizations along with the associated modifications, it is important for the managers to focus and record the emerging problems associated with customer service due to change. This will help to avoid the customer service related problems in future and manage the change in the best possible manner. It was agreed upon by all the participants that it is becoming increasingly difficult for the hospitals to generate revenue and therefore it is hitting the customer service inversely. The third theme stated about the lower error margin in service delivery and in response to this, all the participants agreed to the fact that the impact of successful change initiative was clearly evident from the reduction in medical errors in their respective organizations. Implementation of the service delivery principles as a part of the change initiatives can improve the patient services by reducing the errors. Regular consultation with the patients, increased service access and setting higher standards of service can few of the principles that can be implemented to reduce the errors like surgical errors, diagnostic inaccuracies and system failure in a healthcare organization. Apart from medication errors, these are the errors that need attention and can be reduced with effective changes in the organization. Unsuccessful attempts of strategic change initiatives can be equally disastrous as it can invite several damages to the organization with poor quality services delivered to the patients (Battilana Casciaro, 2012). The next theme was about larger capacity for service delivery to which the participants stated that the service delivery capacity of the healthcare organizations is decreasing because of the financial cutbacks due to dwindling budgets and health-insurance policies. Therefore, the initiatives of change management should aim for increasing the healthcare delivery capacity throughout the organization (Peirson et al., 2012). A strategic change initiative is comprised of a successful implementation phase wherein the activities and processes are executed appropriately to actualize the change. It is a big challenge for the healthcare professionals and the policymakers of the creation of a culture that allows the professionals to deliver the patients with the high quality services and increase the capacity for service delivery. Change implementation is likely to be unsuccessful without effective coordination and communication across every aspect of the healthcare organization and therefore, adopting a population health approach can improve and make the overall health system efficient to provide high quality services to the patients (Swanson et al., 2012). In response to this theme, all the participants had the common aspect that they are all working on increasing the capacity for service delivery in their respective organizations through effective change initiatives. The last theme associated with the second research question is credibility of leadership with the team members and the participants responded by stating that the managers are always looked upon with a suspicious eye by the team members. This is because of the conflict between the medical professionals and the manager due to their varying mindsets of social work and business respectively. It is important for the managers to remain aware of the fact that change initiatives are both psychological and situational and therefore, organizational changes impact the indivi dual identities who are involved in the process of change (Kongstvedt, 2012). Ignoring these change aspects will doom the manager of getting caught in the process of constant spin cycle where change is implemented without any realization of the results. With the growth of the urgency and suspicion among the team members, the managers should focus their attention towards the development of a guiding team that will consequently improve their leadership credibility with respect to the team members (Greene, Reid Larson, 2012). Changes are happening globally that are driving the individual healthcare organizations to bring about the change and proceed. With the changes, problems have been inevitable and solutions are required to solve these emerging problems (Ayre Callway, 2013). For keeping the organizations functioning, there has to be periodic upgradation of the skills and knowledge of the employees and managers with the provision of the required training on the appropriate technologies (Anderson, 2013). Changes in healthcare organizations are essential for improving the safety and quality of care and make them affordable by designing change frameworks for a better future. The rate of change in the field of healthcare is growing and the forces responsible for the transformation of healthcare can result in the generation of immense economic potentials with appropriate change plans. For accomplishing this, the organizations and its managers must harness these transforming forces and use them to their impr ovement (Bao, Casalino Pincus, 2013). Along with this, the managers should also be aware of managing change for moving forward with success. Introduction of an appropriate change management approach to an organization according to its situation and requirements can further facilitate the change. Changes in the healthcare organizations involve incremental improvement on the existing capabilities of the organization, continuous support and increased empowerment to the change managers. Conclusion Based on the research aim and objectives of this study it has been demonstrated that any change initiatives may lead to the positive outcome if the leader has a sense of "self-confidence, security, and flexibility" to adopt innovative ways. The negative impact of the changes is due to the lack of adaptability to latest health care policies. The use of effective communication strategy when implementing changes in the health care setting helps minimize confusion and issues. Any new strategic change without clarification among the employees leads to failure in delivering improved quality of health care services. The change management in the hospital requires effective coordination between all the team members. The results demonstrate that the health organizations must overcome its transparency and integrity issues. Transparency adds to the trustworthy and honesty of the managers and the managers who fail to gain the trust of their team members, surely lose their trust with the passage o f time. During the interview process, all the participants agreed to the fact that delivering quality care to the patient is a critical issue and trust is required in healthcare organizations between the team members and the managers. In the absence of confidence, a negative effect becomes predominant in the administrative reforms which lead to the lower performance of the healthcare personnel and ultimately bring on the disaster of the healthcare organization. Therefore, consistent implementation of quality measurement needs elimination of the gaps in coordination. Health care administration must provide continuous education facilities for the professional development of the managers. For keeping the organizations functioning, there has to be periodic upgradation of the skills and knowledge of the employees and managers with the provision of the required training on the appropriate technologies. The managers perception revealed that the change initiative brings negative impact on the team when the goals, roles and the expectation from the team are not clearly defined. The results indicate that change initiative method is successful with role-model supportive methods rather than coercive ones. Implementation success highly depends on the clarity of organizational vision, communication, and leadership. Aligning the stakeholders around the global view is important. They must be throughout engaged in the process. These enhance the confidence of managers in controlling the crowd. The results reflect that perceived qualitative and quantitative quality program contribute to employee commitment. The health managers recognize that the initiatives or changes implemented fail to meet the objective until and unless without explicitly considering the multi-level approach to change. The multi-level change framework provides a base for assessing the progress along the journey. Also, the framework helps the health managers to have a practical understanding of the factors affecting the outcome of the strategic initiatives. These includes organization, individual, group/team, and larger environmental or system level. It is necessary that the practitioners realize as to when the change is to be imposed. There should be more focus to resolve issues of team development, leadership, and culture and information development at all levels. The motivation and satisfaction of the employees are influenced by the quality of the leadership and management. The efforts taken to improve the delivery of health facilities are affected by various contingency factors. Health Manager believes that these factors must balance the number of tradeoffs between centralization and decentralization in the quest to sustain the impetus for quality improvement. Usually, the employees have a suspicious eye towards the management. Therefore, the leadership must be able to persuade the employees to work towards the common goals. The environment should be conducive to change. According to the health mangers perspectives, implanting significant change gives them the credibility. The loss of the credibility of leadership will impede the health care managers to move forward the change initiatives. With the growth of th e urgency and suspicion among the team members, the managers should focus their attention towards the development of a guiding team that will consequently improve their leadership credibility on the team members. The more the managers spent in the implementation of the change the more is its impact on the clinical outcome. The health managers perceive that the negative consequences of the change initiatives are because that the leaders mainly pay attention to the processes instead of the challenges associated with the people. The time spent by the managers also influence their process and quality performance. There are several positive outcomes of the change initiatives related to anything when the problems are addressed with out of box solutions. The study highlights that a successfully implemented change initiative positively affects the employee performance and empowers the team. Consequently, the customer service and the delivery of care are improved. It is the organizational changes like layoffs can lead to disastrous consequences like insecurities, anger, confusion and paranoia among the employees under the change auspices. Effective collaboration in the team and at the management level empowers the members at all levels in an organization. The case study results showed that most of the managers are aware of the negative impact of the change initiative and the services delivered to the employees. The feedback from the participants revealed that the significant effect of the positive change initiatives is the strengthening the performance of the teams they supervise." The negative response to the initiated change occurs when something new is not implemented rightly in an organization. The response from the participants hi ghlighted that changes are helpful in decreasing the medical errors that impede the organizations long-term sustainability. It further leads to disastrous against health facilities. Successful implementation of the changes in the hospital setting decreases the financial cost of errors. This concluded that dwindling budgets and health insurance policies had caused the financial cutbacks. As a result, the capacity to deliver services has gradually diminished. High quality service delivery is apparent with careful collaboration ensuring financial sustainability. These results imply that there is need of alignment of health care financing system and the aims of the clinicians for actual improvement of care. The strategies invented are not addressing the challenges of generating revenue and declining patient volumes. Such unsuccessful strategic changes have increased the margin of error. Thus there is a need of strategies such that health care can deal with the law, government regulation s, and latest health care policies. There is an increased effort for improving capacity for service delivery, and it is still the long way to get because the rationale for rapid change is not clear to those in the organization. There is a need of culture focused on meeting employees needs constantly. The change initiative about the recruitment of potential employees has the positive impact. However, the challenge to this initiative is due to the recruiters who tend to recruit only in the areas, they are familiar, and thus the larger demographic is not reached. Consequently, the staff does not receive the change in a positive manner. The strategies fail to evoke clients trust in medical doctors, which increase the uncertainty. The strategic change initiatives fail to improve the care services when there is a lack of resources. Therefore, the patient concern could not be taken into consideration here. It concludes that to improve the care services by successfully implementing the change initiatives; it is necessary that the change must occur in the number of aspects of the health care system to ensure high quality services. Further the results reveal that there must be an effective allocation of resources and prepare the employees to sustain the innovation. The implementation of th e concepts and systems without wasting the resources and opportunities will be the challenge as the pitfalls of managing change was ignored earlier. Overall, the health care managers perceive both the positive and the negative impact of the change initiatives depending on the factor that it was implemented in a right manner. Changes in the healthcare organizations involve incremental improvement on the existing capabilities of the organization, continuous support and increased empowerment to the change managers. Conclusively, the case study highlighted the actions and conditions conducive to deliver high quality health services. The perceptions of the managers from this multiple case study highlight their and the leadership roles in quality and safety management. The failures are traced to missing of alignment in thinking, appropriate guidance and tactics for maintaining long-term results. The results imply that there is a need of adopting management system which will clearly link projects and performance with overall change strategies. Limitations This investigation has been challenging and the research findings are conclusive to the research questions. However, there are various limitation associated with every practical suggestions which may or may not be under the control of researcher. One of the major limitations of the study is the restriction of the samples only to the managers of a healthcare facilities located in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. The data obtained from multiple case studies using various health organizations is the weakness of the study. Therefore, the results obtained could not be applied to other organizations. The study should have involved the employees and other non-mangers to know the strategic change initiatives taken by their managers and their impact. This would have provided a balanced review of the health managers. It would have better explained the work of the health managers and their contribution to the quality. The study is limited due to the over-reliance on the perceptions of the managers in this study. Consequently, the validity of the conclusions obtained from the research findings is reduced. As the case study is based on, the single aspect there remains an issue of generalisability. According to Anderson, (2013 ), the quality assessment scores are subjective and does not consider the factors beyond the quality assessment scale used. The respondents are the stakeholders in US health care organization. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized to the health sector in other countries. It may happen that the respondents wanting to be successful in their management positions may not give true accounting of the events. It may happen that the managers perceive this study to be a comparative analysis of competition between their organizations. Hence, they might not consider this study as a fact-finding method used for identifying attributes for deploying successful change initiatives and its advantage in bringing future changes. However, the results of the study cannot be replicated in the future but can be used as the template for future studies. The limitations of this study offer an opportunity for further research and discovery. Delimitations The primary delimitation in this qualitative study is the limitation of the samples to mainly healthcare managers, and no other staff of health organizations is involved in this study. Therefore, it limited the generalisability to a total number of the working managers of healthcare. Further, the scope of the study adds to the delimitation which is because the main focus is laid on the health sector managers that limits the generalizability across different employee levels and industries. Recommendations This section represents implications for practice as well as recommendations for further investigation in the area of change management initiatives. The detailed capture of the opinions, attitudes and beliefs and the recommendations expressed by the health managers suggests for revision of existing change management strategies and the method of implementation. Future studies must consider the limitations identified in this study. Further research is required to take into consideration the perception of the non-mangers. There is the need to study to determine the task involvement of the senior managers outside the boardroom. There is a need to lay greater focus on the contextual issues surrounding the managerial activities (MacLean et al., 2012). To strengthen the evidence, the research needs to use robust methodologies with objective outcome measures (Hancock Algozzine, 2015). There is a need to address the issues related to attainment of qualitative and quantitative data to meet th e research objectives. Greater depth of information from the respondents can be obtained by site visits for observation of more contextual issues. The organization must be more conducive and accustomed with the objective of surveys, focus groups and interviews (Kash et al., 2013). To increase the generalizability of the results to the health sector in other countries the research must explore the perceptions of the managers in the different health care systems. Given the current body of knowledge, it is vital to explore the aim of this study across different industries in other regions of America. Further investigation can be carried on the managers' perceptions regarding the effect of the economic conditions and how that affects their job satisfaction and turnover intentions (Saji, 2012). Also, the needs of the managers and policy makers can be investigated as they are not addressed with the same interest as that of the clinicians. The understanding of how policymakers perceive that making feasible changes in health care payments benefits and supports health organization is essential for positive change initiative (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Further, a comparative study can be conducted on the change initiatives and its impact in America as well other nation (Samson Bevington, 2012). There is a literature gap in reference to ways determining the successful change initiative methods and the contributing attributes. Future research should target this aspect to guide the organization towards success. Summary This qualitative study was carried out for exploring the perceptions of the healthcare managers on their initiatives of strategic change in the facilities of healthcare located in the Middle Atlantic region of the United States. The results obtained from five different themes in the first question conclude that traditional methods are not functional for successful implementation of change initiatives, and healthcare managers must be appraised of the recent policies. Further, leader's credibility and involvement of team is essential in effective decision-making. Establishment of a clear vision regarding the direction of the process of change is a crucial element for the assurance of successful change. The purpose of this multiple case study is to explore the perceptions of the health care managers on the nature of the strategic change initiatives. It can be concluded from the second research questions and five themes strengthening of the team performance, effective coordination and co mmunication, morale among team members and superior customer experience ensures the success of healthcare business. Further, it was recognized from the results that the strategic initiatives could reduce medical errors. Overall, changes in the healthcare organizations involve incremental improvement on the existing capabilities of the organization, continuous support and increased empowerment to the change managers. The study is limited due to the over-reliance on the perceptions of the managers in this study. Consequently, the validity of the conclusions derived from the research findings is reduced. As the case study is based on the single aspect, there remains an issue of generalisability. The respondents are the stakeholders in US health care organization. Therefore, the results of the study cannot be generalized to the health sector in other countries. To strengthen the evidence the research needs to use robust methodologies with objective outcome measures. Further research is required to take into consideration the perception of the non-mangers. References Abdelhak, M., Grostick, S., Hanken, M. A. (2014).Health information: management of a strategic resource. Elsevier Health Sciences. Anderson, D. L. (2013).Organization development: The process of leading organizational change. Sage Publications. Ayre, G., Callway, R. (2013).Governance for sustainable development: A foundation for the future. Earthscan. Bao, Y., Casalino, L. P., Pincus, H. A. (2013). Behavioral health and health care reform models: patient-centered medical home, health home, and accountable care organization.The journal of behavioral health services research,40(1), 121-132. Battilana, J., Casciaro, T. (2012). Change agents, networks, and institutions: A contingency theory of organizational change.Academy of Management Journal,55(2), 381-398. Corrigan, J., McNeill, D. (2009). Building organizational capacity: a cornerstone of health system reform.Health Affairs,28(2), 205215 Cummings, T. G., Worley, C. G. (2014).Organization development and change. Cengage learning. Fitzgerald, L., Dufour, Y. (2013). Clinical management as boundary management.Journal of Management in Medicine. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Greene, S. M., Reid, R. J., Larson, E. B. (2012). Implementing the learning health system: from concept to action.Annals of internal medicine,157(3), 207-210. Grol, R., Wensing, M., Eccles, M., Davis, D. (Eds.). (2013).Improving patient care: the implementation of change in health care. John Wiley Sons. Hancock, D. R., Algozzine, B. (2015).Doing case study research: A practical guide for beginning researchers. Teachers College Press. Hayes, J. (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Kash, B. A., Spaulding, A., Gamm, L., Johnson, C. E. (2013). Health care administrators' perspectives on the role of absorptive capacity for strategic change initiatives: A qualitative study.Health care management review,38(4), 339-348. Kongstvedt, P. R. (2012).Essentials of managed health care. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Kuipers, B. S., Higgs, M., Kickert, W., Tummers, L., Grandia, J., Van der Voet, J. (2014). The management of change in public organizations: A literature review.Public Administration,92(1), 1-20. Longest Jr, B. B., Darr, K. J. (2014).Managing Health Services Organizations and Systems,(MHSOS). Health Professions Press, Inc.. Lorenzi, N. M., Riley, R. T. (2013).Organizational aspects of health informatics: managing technological change. Springer Science Business Media. MacLean, D. MacIntosh, R. (2012). Strategic change as creative action.International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 4(1), p.80 Mintzberg, H. (2012). Managing the myths of health care.World Hospitals and Health Services,48(3), 05. Ottersen, O. P., Dasgupta, J., Blouin, C., Buss, P., Chongsuvivatwong, V., Frenk, J., ... Leaning, J. (2014). The political origins of health inequity: prospects for change.The Lancet,383(9917), 630-667. Peirson, L., Ciliska, D., Dobbins, M., Mowat, D. (2012). Building capacity for evidence informed decision making in public health: a case study of organizational change.BMC Public Health,12(1), 1. Saji, B. (2012). Strategic change initiatives in reward management in a merger case study. International Journal of Strategic Change Management, 4(2), p.139. Samson, D. Bevington, T. (2012).Implementing strategic change. London: Kogan Page. Stake, R. E. (2013).Multiple case study analysis. Guilford Press. Swanson, R. C., Cattaneo, A., Bradley, E., Chunharas, S., Atun, R., Abbas, K. M., ... Best, A. (2012). Rethinking health systems strengthening: key systems thinking tools and strategies for transformational change.Health Policy and Planning,27(suppl 4), iv54-iv61. Swayne, L. E., Duncan, W. J., Ginter, P. M. (2012).Strategic management of health care organizations. John Wiley Sons. Watts, N., Adger, W. N., Agnolucci, P., Blackstock, J., Byass, P., Cai, W., ... Cox, P. M. (2015). Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health.The Lancet,386(10006), 1861-1914. Yin, R. K. (2014).Case study research: Design and methods. Sage Publications.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Why Do We Work Essays - Labour Economics, Economic Growth

Why Do We Work? The majority of Americans get up each morning and go to work in order to earn money. But what are the true motivators for working and where do they come from? How do wage rates and other forms of compensation affect the quantity of labor supplied to the market? This will point out how labor effects the economy. Each person working plays a role in society and production output. These are areas that need to be addressed when the supply of labor is being discussed. The motivation to work arises from a variety of social, psychological and economic forces. People need income to pay their bills, feel that they have a role in society and also feel a sense of acheivement. Although there is always a choice, that is not working and not getting paid. People choose between labor and leisure according to the percieved rewards of each. The marginal utility of labor reflects the satisifaction to be gained from added income, as well as any direct pleasure a job may provide. A worker compares these satisfactions with those of leisure and chooses the one that yeilds the greatest utility for available time and wage rates. As it may seem obvisous to some, the more a worker gets paid, the more encouragement that worker has to work more hours and produce more output. Thus, higher wages may increase the marginal utility of an hour's labor, this being a substitiute for labor. But it can also have the opposite effect. This being that if a worker realizes that they can make the same amount of money that they used to make and work less, this will cause the labor-supply curve to begin to bend backward. The labor supply has proven more expandable than previously expected. Possibly attracted by the abundance of jobs or forced by economic necessity, there are more Americans working. Not everyone works for money. A large percentage of workers say they would continue to work even if they had enough money to live comfortably without working. Apparently, each hour of work yields more satisfaction that just a paycheck. The more workers like their jobs or the more income they need, the higher their responsiveeness to wage increases. Another aspect of happiness from labor is the nonmonetary incentives the enviornment that is being worked in. People prefer to work in a safe, well lit, pleasantly colorful enviornment. Although these are not the only realative incentives. There is also the challenge of it all, not just high salaries. If a worker is given a conquerable challenge, this can also boost productivity. In conclusion, there are many different reasons why we as Americans get up and go to work each morning. But, there will always be more to purchase, more bills to pay and a certain need to feel a part of society. To realize what needs to be improved to induce workers to choose work is still being studied. Economists have learned how to increase productivity or job satisifaction, but not both. Realizing what our true needs are can either motivate us to become more productive or do the opposite and cause us to work less. Economics Essays

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Bandwidth Adaptation And Synchronization Multimedia Streaming System Information Technology Essay Essay Example

Bandwidth Adaptation And Synchronization Multimedia Streaming System Information Technology Essay Essay Example Bandwidth Adaptation And Synchronization Multimedia Streaming System Information Technology Essay Essay Bandwidth Adaptation And Synchronization Multimedia Streaming System Information Technology Essay Essay To make diverse multimedia content on complex webs, end user demands to do usage of any multimedia connected device. In this modern and ubiquitous multimedia age, consumer can utilize any calculating multimedia device nowadays in the distinguishable composite interconnected webs. In diverse or heterogenous webs, in conformity with bing bandwidth ( clip dependent ) , layered cyclosis of audio ocular content should be able to pull off appropriate show and content of audiovisual spot watercourses. To vie with these issues, both scalable audiovisual cryptography in analogue with audiovisual streaming method is required. For the feature of scalable audiovisual cryptography, assorted superior methods of audiovisual version was projected to give joint scalabilities of perceptual traits, i.e. , Scalable picture coding demands Fine farinaceous scalability and scalable sound coding demands bit-sliced arithmetic cryptography ( BSAC ) . Besides this, the advantage of scalable audiovisual cryptography is that an encoder can compact audiovisual informations with the superior quality at one time, and a decipherer can reconstruct informations from fractional acknowledged audio ocular spot streams [ 2 ] . On the other manus, there is a possibility of doing perturbation to continual audiovisual playout synchronism because of the presence of different decrypting clip complexness on superimposed scalable audio ocular spot watercourses. Past researches have non dealt with this clip decrypting complexness job and so there were no solutions recommended. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] . The three major networking factors when sing with scalable audiovisual cyclosis are clip dependent available bandwidth, fickle web hold jitter and variable communicating because of loss of packages. These three factors besides cause unusual playout method while streaming the picture at the client side. Earlier probes intended on the rating of specific bandwidth measurings over TCP/UDP [ 1 ] [ 3 ] . The direction of commanding buffer was besides proposed to acquire rid of the inauspicious effects of the hold jitter. This involves the buffer control suspension and ordinance [ 7 ] [ 8 ] . In add-on with, the retransmission schemes were employed to lookup the awful conditions of perceptual qualities. In the same manner, the past researches wage attending merely to the non- scalable sound cyclosis or else scalable picture coding instead than traverse superimposed audiovisual cyclosis [ 2 ] [ 6 ] . In this work, several bed audio ocular cyclosis methodological analysis is suggested which includes the synchronism of audiovisual informations in two stages. Phase I synchronization involves in clip synchronism and stage II involves on clip playout agenda. The chief aim of this synchronism process is to convey out the audiovisual information playout in synchronised mode by taking complex web status and inconsistent decryption clip complexness for consideration. Fine farinaceous scalability ( FGS ) and Bit sliced arithmetic cryptography ( BSAC ) are the two patterns required for cleavage of sound and picture into two beds, Base bed ( BL ) and Enhancement bed ( EL ) severally. Depending on the deliberate bing bandwidth, a system of audiovisual transmittal with selective beds can be considered for streaming intercrossed or assorted audiovisual informations. Furthermore, audio informations have greater transmittal precedence than picture informations because audio informations are more sensitive to human perceptual experience than that of picture informations. To better the quality want and to take the effects of the irregular hold jitter, the expected buffer control technique with superimposed ( scalable ) audiovisual cyclosis can be used. The proposed system of several beds audiovisual streaming method will get down the de-jitter mechanism when the waiter gets the jitter entreaty. This action is taking topographic point to roll up the temporal presentation length of audiovisual content rapidly by administering more basal beds of audiovisual informations. For non scalable audiovisual cyclosis, longer presentation length which in bend demands more physical buffer capacity of shop up presented audiovisual informations. The physical buffer capacity signifies the content of the buffer in physical memory and presentation length shows the playing clip of the informations in the buffer. The web traffic and the extra client s buffer can be eliminated by utilizing the exp ected buffer direction which in bend builds up the presentation length rapidly at the inhibited mark rate. This can be achieved by doing usage of superimposed audiovisual cryptography method. Further, the conditional retransmission process takes attention of lost packages to acquire retransmitted if these packages are estimated to be arrived in front of scheduled decryption clip and playout. Furthermore, to synchronise audiovisual playout wholly, distinct decrypting time-complexity along with several superimposed audiovisual is besides considered in our proposed method of several superimposed audiovisual cyclosis. The remaining of the paper is discussed as follows. Section 2 analyses the FGS and BSAC methods. The proposed cyclosis of several superimposed audiovisual cyclosis method is explained in subdivision 3. Section 4 brings in the two stages of synchronism i.e. phase-1 in clip cyclosis and phase-2 on clip playout agenda. foreword In this work, Mpeg-4 FGS codec are used to compact scalable picture content and Mpeg-4 sound codec are used to compact scalable audio information. Bit Sliced Arithmetic Coding ( BSAC ) technique is used in this method to convey out compaction of audio informations. Under this subdivision, the scalable and superimposed audiovisual codec s will be discussed. Fine Granular Scalable coding The alterations in the spot rate of the associating web needs some accommodation in the information size. For this, a little portion of picture watercourse called as frame or macro block, is separated into undersized points. Granularity is the term referred to this sort of measuring the figure of little points which forms an entity. In this unit, the first point has the basic and necessary portion of informations and the staying points are nil but the polish to the basic point. This method of scalable in to establish bed and enhancement bed is called all right farinaceous scalability. Adjusting the coarseness of a watercourse to the spot rate capacities allow the gradual addition in the frame size, spot rate and frame rate. Video content in several bed formats is defined in Fine farinaceous scalability method. A superior quality can be achieved for a picture sequence by increasing the figure of beds. MPEG-4 ocular cryptography is an object signifier of Fine farinaceous scalability. It has differences from the old Signal to Noise Ratio ( SNR ) Scalability. In this FGS cryptography, non scalable cryptography type is being utilized for compacting base bed so that lower limit assured quality can be achieved [ 9 ] . Enhancement layer coding can be achieved by compacting the fluctuation between the alone images and the restructured images obtained by spot flat representation. At any spot rate because of random Enhancement bed can be truncated, betterments over the progressive SNR demand to be achieved depending on the bing bandwidth. MPEG-4 Advanced Audio cryptography ( AAC ) is the object signifier for Fine farinaceous sound cryptography. This signifier takes on Bit chopped arithmetic cryptography technique supplying forceful and farinaceous sound cyclosis. One 24 kbps Base bed and two 16 kbps enhancement bed can be constructed from the version 1 of MPEG-4 AAC [ 4 ] . In version 2, the BSAC tool can afford scalability up to 1Kbps for a glandular fever sound and 2Kbps for a stereo sound [ 5 ] [ 10 ] . Proposed Architecture of the cyclosis method The undermentioned figure1 shows the proposed several superimposed audio ocular cyclosis method which has some of import subdivision: scalable audiovisual processing unit, synchronism of transmittal, control constituent of client and waiter, etc. Some of the constituents are as follows: 1. Multimedia Base bed and enhancement bed and rate control can be managed by the scalable audiovisual constituent. Harmonizing to the bing bandwidth, FGS picture and sound informations will be truncated. 2. The transmittal synchronism constituent able to synchronise and convey scalable AV information from clip to clip which depends on the fundamental of the human position. The most favorable ratio of AV transmittal can be determined as a consequence. 3. The control constituent of the waiter establishes the appropriate transmittal rate and figure of audiovisual sweetening beds which depends on the deliberate bing bandwidth and client s retransmission and de-jitter demands. 4. For the stage 1 in-time cyclosis and stage 2 on clip playout synchronism, control constituent of client manages the retransmission and jitter petitions takes topographic point in the web. Harmonizing to the fig 1, the streaming synchronism together with the conditional retransmission process and de-jitter method, carried out by the phase-1 synchronism constituent. Further, playout synchronism along with variable decrypting clip complexness is achieved by this phase-2 synchronism constituent. Henceforth, for clarifying the projected adaptative buffer control, two of import practical footings are refereed. They are 1.Physical buffer capacity and Fig. 1 Proposed Architecture of the cyclosis system 2. Temporal presentation length. The degree of the buffer in physical memory is specified in this physical buffer capacity. Temporal playing length signifies the playing clip of audiovisual content accumulated in the buffer. Adaptive Scalable AV method Cross layered audiovisual spot watercourses are distributed by the proposed adaptive layered audiovisual transmittal method. Audio information is more notable than the picture informations because human position is more perceptive to audio than picture. This is the of import singularity of the human sensitiveness. Additionally, the other ground is video decipherer which can do usage of a system of playback interrupt to conceal the losing picture sections. But this is non the instance for audio sections. Privacy of audio sections is non possible because of the presence of high figure of audio samples. Hence, the precedency for the audio transmittal should be more than video transmittal. The process of the recommended adaptative scalable audiovisual cyclosis are considered as follows: 1. The ratio of figure of audio EL to the figure of video EL is termed as audiovisual transmittal ratio. It is denoted by RA/VEL. 2. The transmittal function tabular array is constructed based on the abovementioned transmittal scheme. The association between the transmittal rate and the figure of audiovisual EL s are mapped in the function table Fig 2. Peak Signal to Noise Ratio ( PSNR ) and Objective debasement classs ( ODG ) are utilized to gauge the change of picture and sound informations through which right transmittal ratio can be verified. Though the PSNR values show the difference of alone and restructured frames, it is hard to distinguish the ocular difference for the human ocular position if the PSNR value is more than 30dB. When sing with alleged sound quality, PEAQ method is employed as indicated in the ITU proposal BS 1387. The ODG and deformation index are the two end product factors of this PEAQ. The ODG values are ranged from -4 to 0. As a consequence, the cross layered audiovisual quality ( Qav ) can be evaluated by the places of sound and picture, i.e. , Qav = 2.Ra + Rv, where Ra and Rv are the aforementioned ranks of the audiovisual quality. Harmonizing to this cross audiovisual quality, the proper RA/V EL can be evaluated, for example, the default value 5. Two stage Synchronization method Two stage synchronism method is discussed in this subdivision. Controling the streaming control can be handled efficaciously by stage 1 synchronism. This stage 1 method besides includes conditional retransmission method and de-jitter mechanism. Taking into history of decrypting clip complexness, Phase 2 synchronism is employed which provides the proper synchronism of playout agenda. Phase-1 Synchronism The unsteady nature of the channel state of affairs nowadays during the multimedia communicating leads to many troubles. The extremely sensitive jitter which takes topographic point in multimedia communicating creates the uneven play-out agenda of the audiovisual content. This uneven drama out are causes more deformation on client s side. The de-jitter mechanism is put frontward to rectify the buffer s temporal presentation length. This will forestall the effects of the hold jitter takes topographic point in the web efficaciously. The hold jitter is nil but the hold among existent reaching and the expected reaching. Normally delay jitter can be classified into three classs ; they are positive jitter, negative jitter and nothing jitter. Positive jitter is the jitter where the packages arrival is delayed. The negative jitter is the jitter where packages arrived earlier and the nothing jitter is the packages arrived on clip. In this proposed several layered audiovisual method, merely po sitive jitter with delayed packages are taken into history. Supplying the bigger temporal presentation length and conveying down the hold jitter which takes topographic point in the web is the construct of this proposed de-jitter mechanism. The brink of the presentation when we sing the hold jitter THJ is estimated which depends on the old mean jitter ( J ) and the maximal hold jitter Jmax. THJ = ?. Jmax + ( 1- ? ) . Joule In this above mentioned expression, ? is a premier factor which estimates the right temporal presentation length. The value of this ? is 0.8 which is obtained by experimentation. The client will bring forth the de-jitter petition if the temporal presentation length is smaller than the value of the THJ which is nil but the threshold of the presentation length. In order to roll up the temporal presentation length rapidly and besides to command the overall traffic takes topographic point in the web, the waiter after having the petition will convey merely the base bed audiovisual content instead than conveying enhancement bed audiovisual information. The proposed de-jitter mechanism greatly reduces the effects of the hold jitter. Fig. 2 The graph of the ratio of the in-time decryption entryway utilizing the proposed de-jitter process for distinguishable hold heebie-jeebiess. Bettering the debasement of the perceptual quality in the proposed method, conditional retransmission method is devised. The web congestion and web mistake are the footing for the package loss. If the congestion or traffic becomes worse, so the packages will non come in order and this leads to incorrect scheduled decoding clip. The packages which are non in order besides be treated as lost packages. This lost package is occurred when hold clip is higher than a threshold THD. The threshold of the hold clip is given by THD = ?. Jmax + ( 1 ? ? ) J Experimental value of the ? , the control factor is stated to be 0.5. The nucleus thought behind the conditional retransmission method is, before the procedure of decrypting and playout to be done, the retransmitted packages can be obtained. This action takes topographic point if the temporal presentation length is larger than the indispensable retransmission clip. If the procedure of decrypting and playout occur before these retransmitted packages arrival, these lost packages are bounced back or skipped. The indispensable retransmission clip is estimated by the amount of package unit of ammunition trip clip and mean hold jitter. Furthermore, depending on the staying bandwidth ( Br ) and retransmitted informations ( Rret ) , server will look into the necessity for the retransmission of lost packages. To forestall the extra traffic, merely the base bed content will be retransmitted. The process for the conditional retransmission method is shown in fig 3. Phase 2 Synchronism The decipherer with distinct decrypting clip of the proposed several layered audiovisual cyclosis method is really much needed. Such decipherer is needed due to the demand of drama out of several superimposed audiovisual informations in a synchronised mode. This decipherer will retrace the distinct qualities of the audiovisual spot watercourses. The extreme clip distinction of sound and picture are stated as ?A and ?V Fig 3. The process of the conditional retransmission mechanisms ( left: client side, right: server side ) . . ?A = TdAmax ? TdAmin ?V = TdVmax ? TdVmin These are the two equations which province the maximal clip difference of decrypting sound and picture severally. TdAmax denotes the maximal audio BL and EL ( all ) decryption clip and TdAmin denotes the minimal audio BL and EL decryption clip. In the same manner, TdVmax and TdVmin denote the upper limit and minimal picture BL and EL ( all beds ) decrypting clip severally. For different measure of sweetening beds, the fig 4 indicates the indispensable decryption clip complexness in Federal Protective Service. The foremost sound and picture packages are played out with their hold clip of ?A and ?V. This is to vouch that the variable decryption clip should non do influence on audiovisual playback. To be clearer, ?A and get downing buffering clip of sound are one and the same. Similarly ?V and get downing buffering clip of video both represents the same. Therefore, PA1 and PV1 are nil but the playing out clip of first sound and first picture severally. These are given by Fig. 4 The graph demoing decrypting time-complexity ( unit: Federal Protective Service ) for different sums of sweetening beds. PA1 = TiA1 + ?A PV1 = TiV1 + ?V The echt playout clip for the first sound and video units is given by P1A|V = soap ( P1A, P1V ) . The consecutive ith audio portion of the playout is termed as PiA = Pi-1A|V + uiA, I A ; gt ; 1 where uiA is the sample period of audio parts. The process of phase-1 synchronism and phase-2 playout synchronism can be worked together good in the proposed system. Therefore the drum sander audiovisual playout with proper synchronism and the refined quality can be attained. The public presentations of the proposed several layered or scalable audiovisual cyclosis are demonstrated in this subdivision. This includes both in-time cyclosis and the on-time playout agenda. The extent of quantitative ratio is interrelated to the user s perceptual qualities. Comparing the public presentation with and without proposed processs, available bandwidth, and hold jitter and package loss are measured. Fig. 5 loss rate for different retransmission methods The de-jitter mechanism take the effects of jitter hold by maintaining the temporal presentation length quickly. In this experiment, the in-timing decryption ratio is given by ratio between the sum of packages coming for the decryption waiting line in clip and the sum of received packages at the client side. Harmonizing to fig 4, the de-jitter mechanism enhances the in-timing decryption ratio which specifies big figure of packages come ining into the decrypting waiting line in clip. This states that audiovisual informations in big figure will be scheduled to be decoded. In the same manner, the conditional retransmission method explained in the subdivision 5.1, is to develop the audiovisual quality if many lost packages needs to be retransmitted. In this experiment, when compared with full transmittal method, this proposed conditional retransmission method yield the higher ratio of in-time decrypting entryway. This is because the full transmittal may bring forth terrible web traffic and hike the transmittal hold. But this is non the instance with conditional retransmission method. In the fig 5, comparing for different retransmission methods are discussed. The three transmittal methods are full transmittal method, conditional retransmission method, and without retransmission. The proposed mechanism together with de-jitter mechanism achieve better public presentations than the other retransmission strategies. Fig. 6 Consequence of the proposed synchronism mechanism on the loss rate In add-on to this abovementioned strategies, the playout synchronism algorithm mentioned in subdivision 5.2 is employed to convey out the audiovisual playout on-time. In this experiment, the on-time playout ratio is the of import index which is given by Rplay = Uplay /Utotal in which Uplay is the measure of media parts played out on-time and Utotal is the entire media parts. From the fig 6, the proposed two phase synchronism strategies produce better ratio than the three other transmittal methods. The three transmittal methods are No Synchronization ( without stage 1 and phase 2 ) , with phase-1 synchronism and with both phase-1 synchronism and phase-2 synchronism. Decisions In this paper, several layered or scalable audiovisual cyclosis method are proposed which employs the techniques or methods of FGS and BSAC. The proposed adaptive scalable audiovisual transmittal method highlights the audio quality instead than video quality to convey out the typical human perceptual experience. The de-jitter process mentioned in the phase-1 cyclosis synchronism can change the temporal presentation length which brings out the playout smooth. The conditional retransmission method can retransmit lost or delayed packages expeditiously so that overall playback quality will be improved. Similarly, the proposed phase-2 synchronism mechanism can capable of synchronising the both audio and picture along with consideration of clip decrypting complexness. The experiment consequences of the proposed several layered audiovisual cyclosis method illustrate that this method is the possible cyclosis strategy to get the better of the bing troubles like limited bandwidth, foul quality , uneven playback etc nowadays in the omnipresent multimedia cyclosis. Recognition We wish to show our sincere thanks to the Department of Information Technology, Anna University, MIT Campus, Chennai for supplying the needed hardware and package tools to transport out simulation.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

50 Nautical Terms in General Use

50 Nautical Terms in General Use 50 Nautical Terms in General Use 50 Nautical Terms in General Use By Mark Nichol The vocabulary of sailing has enriched the English language with the development, by analogy, of new senses for nautical terms. Here are fifty such words with their original meanings and their landlubber connotations. 1. Aboard: on a vessel (assisting or in sympathy with) 2. Aboveboard: above the deck (out in the open, honest) 3. Adrift: not tied or secured (acting or living without purpose) 4. Aground: resting on the seafloor on shore (halted by circumstances) 5. Anchor: a heavy object that holds a vessel in place (a person or thing that figuratively keeps another person or thing steady) 6. Awash: water level with or slightly covering the deck (overwhelmed) 7. Bail: to throw out seawater or rainwater that has collected in a vessel (to help, or to abandon) 8. Ballast: stabilizing weights placed in the hull of a vessel (something that steadies or weighs down) 9. Beachcomber: a sailor without a berth or a shipboard assignment (a person living on or near a beach or the shore or one who searches such areas for salvage, or both) 10. Bearing: one’s position (posture or deportment) 11. Becalm: to come to a stop because of a lack of wind (to halt progress) 12. Berth: a sailor’s assignment, or a sailor’s bunk (a position or placement, in a location or in rankings) 13. Bilge: the lowest part of a hull (outdated or useless comments or ideas) 14. Capsize: to overturn (to ruin or interfere) 15. Chart: a navigational map, or to map a course (a display of graphical information, or to set a course) 16. Cockpit: a steering or berthing compartment (the pilot’s compartment in an airplane, or a place for cockfighting or location notorious for violence) 17. Course: the direction a ship is sailing (a procedure or a way of acting) 18. Current: a movement of water (the prevailing mood or tendency) 19. Heading: the direction a ship is sailing (one’s course) 20. Headway: progress or rate of progress in sailing (progress in general) 21. Helm: steering apparatus, or to operate such equipment (a position of leadership, or to lead) 22. Jury rig: to rig makeshift equipment (to make a quick fix using available materials) 23. Keel: the backbone of a vessel, running along the center of the hull (balance, as when someone is on an even keel) 24. Keelhaul: to drag a sailor underneath the ship along the hull as punishment (to punish severely) 25. Leeway: sideways movement of a vessel because of current or wind (flexibility) 26. Log: originally, a length of wood attached to a line and tossed overboard to measure speed, then a device with the same function; also, a record of operation (an accounting of any activity or progress) 27. Lookout: a sailor standing watch (someone keeping watch, or the position from which the person does so) 28. Manhole: an opening in to a compartment (a hole providing access underground or into a structure) 29. Mooring: securing with anchors or lines, or a place where mooring occurs (a stabilizing influence) 30. Navigation: the operation of a vessel (direction for traveling or movement through a virtual area, as on a website) 31. Overhaul: to ready equipment for use (to rebuild or repair) 32. Pilot: a steersman, or to steer a vessel (an operator of an aircraft or spacecraft, or to operate such a craft or to direct an operation or procedure, or a business or organization) 33. Quarantine: temporary sequestration of a vessel because of the possibility of spreading disease, or the location of the sequestration (enforced isolation, especially because of contagion, or the place of isolation) 34. Quarters: assigned living areas or workstations on a vessel, or an assembly of all crew members (lodging) 35. Rudder: an immersed blade of wood, metal, or plastic attached to a vessel and turned remotely to change its direction (a guiding force) 36. Salvage: to rescue or save a ship and/or its cargo, or the compensation for doing so; also, the property salvaged (saving something from being destroyed or discarded, or what is saved) 37. Scuttle: to sink a vessel by cutting a hole in the hull (to ruin something by abandonment or sabotage) 38. Scuttlebutt: a cask for holding drinking water and, by extension, the idle talk exchanged while drinking from it (gossip) 39. Seaworthy: in condition to be operated (solid or valid) 40. Ship: to send cargo or passengers by sea (to transport or distribute) 41. Shorthanded: lacking enough crew members (not having enough people to perform a task) 42. Sounding: a measurement of the depth of water (seeking an opinion or a statement of intention) 43. Stow: to put away and, by extension, to keep one’s opinion to oneself (to arrange, load, or store) 44. Swamped: submerged (overwhelmed) 45. Tack: to change a vessel’s direction, or the new direction (to shift one’s viewpoint, as in â€Å"take a new tack†) 46. Tide: the change of surface level of a body of water because of gravitational fluctuations (a fluctuating or rising phenomenon) 47. Under way: in motion (in progress) 48. Wake: the visible track of a vessel through water (aftermath) 49. Waterlogged: filled or soaked with water but afloat (full of or saturated with water) 50. Watertight: capable of preventing water from entering (solid, flawless) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Writing a Reference Letter (With Examples)75 Idioms and Expressions That Include â€Å"Break†January 1 Doesn't Need an "st"

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Bret Hart Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Bret Hart - Essay Example This essay will flesh out the thesis that in Harte’s stories, there is manifest celebration of the virtues of the social underclass. Where literature was previously the preserve of the privileged and addressed to the same privileged audience, Harte broke this trend, and courageously at that, and highlighted the depth, effervescence and humanity of those in the fringes of society. Tennessee’s Partner is a great short story. At its core is the theme of friendship, if not unconditional love. Tennessee’s Partner (who was never referred by his actual name through the entire story) displays such an unconditional acceptance of his friend Tennessee that he soon withers and dies upon the latter’s execution. Even when his wife runs away with Tennessee, his partner doesn’t try to harm him. To the contrary, he welcomes him back home in all cordiality. This is all the more remarkable when one considers the livelihoods of these two characters. They are both petty criminals, often committing offenses against the law. It is natural to expect loose codes of friendship and loyalty among people who are considered criminals. Yet Tennessee’s Partner shows such dedication toward the wellbeing of his friend. In what is a brilliant symbolic touch, the very naming of the story as Tennessee’s Partner indicates the strength of unity of identit y of these two loyal friends. The reference to an individual solely through his friend’s name is a statement of the strong intertwinement of their two identities. Similarly, consistent with Harte’s reputation of being a brave writer who pushed the frontiers of social sensibility, there are sufficient hints at a homosexual relationship between the two lead characters. Perhaps fearing public outrage (as homosexuality was taboo during Harte’s era) the author might have only conveyed the intimate nature of their relationship via indirect literary means. Another way of looking at this is that Harte has

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Challenges of Global Warming in Modern Society Essay

Challenges of Global Warming in Modern Society - Essay Example As green house gases increases in concentration in the atmosphere, so is more energy retained in the atmosphere and this increases the chances of global warming to increase. Some of the gases which constitutes green house gases include; carbon dioxide, methane, water vapour and fluorine gases. (Kim et al, 2010) These different greenhouse gases have different capabilities in heat-trapping. (environment.nationalgeographic.com, 2011) According to levy, global warming is evaluated by looking at the annual average temperatures as a function of time . The average temperatures are estimated from temperature recordings obtained from both the land and the sea. Land temperatures are obtained from weather stations while sea temperatures are estimated by assessing temperatures of the sea from a ship. The data obtained is first averaged over squares of one degree in latitude by one degree in longitude. Then, the averaged temperatures within the squares are summed to derive at the global average t emperatures. In attempting to compute global average temperatures, both the averaged temperature of the earth surface, sea and the combined temperature and averaged temperatures within lower earth surfaces also known as troposphere are employed. The information about the troposphere is gathered by use of weather balloons or micro wave sounding units mounted on atmosphere navigating satellites that have advantage of providing direct data. (Levy, 1999, p 370) Challenges of Global warming in Modern Society According to wbcsd.org, the changes in the earths climate system has catastrophic effects in the society and corporate world operates . The effects can have either physical, social or social impacts The impact s on the business world and in societies are very much uncertain in frequency and magnitude. The effect of global warming affects the business society in various ways. To begin with, high temperatures will affect the location, design efficiency and operation and marketing of bu siness products and services and its infrastructure.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Censorship Essay Example for Free

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn and Censorship Essay Censorship is telling a man he cant have a steak just because a baby cant chew it. (Mark Twain) Throughout the last hundred years, Mark Twains famous American novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has been the center of a heated debate. This argument is centered around the allowance of the book in the curriculum of public schools. Many people from many different interest groups have stated their opinion about the book and the argument, presenting various pertinent arguments; however, the debate remains heated even more than a hundred years after the novel was originally published. On one side of debate is those opposed to the novels prominent position in schools. In fact many maintain that it should not be taught at all. This position is widely held. One such opposer is Beatrice Clark, an African American and grandmother of a student in a school system where the book is taught, believes that the book is unacceptable because of the language in it. She finds the use of the N-word, which is used more than 600 times, inflammatory and offensive. That word, in the history of America, has always been a degrading word toward African Americans. When they were brought to America, they were never thought of as human beings in the first place, and this word was something to call a thing that wasnt humans, says Beatrice. Charles Spokes, president of the NAACP believes that the word is not only unacceptable because of its offensive connotations, but also causes trouble in current relations between racial groups. What youre saying is those words are OK, but theyre not OK to a group of people, he states. This issue with the language in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the major concern of the opposing party. Another significant argument is that Jim is portrayed as ignorant, and the African race in general as presented as lacking in value. Throughout the novel many, including John H. Wallace, find that Jim is represented in an unflattering way. He is shown as unintelligent more unintelligent that an adolescent boy and simple. Huck must constantly explain things to Jim that Huck finds rather simple and self explanatory. The writers of the book Satire or Evasion, present the example that at one point Huck attempts to explain a story about King Solomon which Huck believes Jim can not understand. He is also portrayed as a rather unintelligent man through Twains portrayal of his speech patterns and beliefs in spooks and superstition. Jim is also often portrayed as stupid and gullible; for example, when the Duke and Dauphin join Jim and Huck in their adventures, Huck soon realizes they are not really who they say they are and are simple rapscallions. Jim however believes them and even claims he didnt know kings and dukes behaved in such a way. The slaves in the book as a whole are also portrayed as lacking in value. When Huck lies to Sally Phelps, he mentions that a nigger died in the explosion on the ship. She believes that this is rather lucky because sometimes people get hurt. Huck and Tom also have a little prison adventure while Jim just sits in a shed, worrying that he might not escape in time and not knowing that he is actually a free man. That is information Tom Sawyer is keeping a secret. Bernard Bell, a writer, says, Twain nostalgically and metaphorically sells Jim down the river for laughs at the end. The book is also criticized for being atheistic and lacking in morals. This point was emphasized by Louisa May Alcott who thought it unfit for children. This book may have many opposers, but it also has a large number of advocates. Many people advocate the teaching of this book in school for its historical significance. It teaches our history, though it may be somewhat shameful. Hilari Anderson, a highschool teacher and advocate of Mark Twains classic novel says, We could ignore the book, but then were ignoring history. Were ignoring that that language exists. I dont think, in the long run, thats helpful to our kids. This view is shared by many. They hold that the language in the book is accurate for the setting and should be taken for what it is: a part of history that exists and must be recognized. Another teacher, Webb Harris Jr., also believes the book gives a humorous opportunity to discuss a difficult issue. A student named Steven in Virginia writes that if Huck meant the use of the word nigger to be offensive, he wouldnt complement Jim and use the word in the same sentence. He was a mighty good nigger, Jim was. The book is believed to be worth teaching because of the realistic view of history that it presents. Another reason many advocates hold that Huckleberry Finn should be taught in schools is because it shows the fullness of America. Huck writes about religion, scandal, pain, nature, and just life in general. Writer H.L. Mencken says that Twain breaks it down to elementals without false appearances or faà §ades. He finds it to be one of the greatest masterpieces in the world. Ernest Hemmingway also makes the point that all American Literature comes from it. Its the best book weve had. All American writing comes from that. There was nothing before. There has been nothing as good since. The novel by Mark Twain is held by many to be the best and most exemplary American novel. As one of the most controversial novels ever written, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is certainly one of the most notable books in western literature. Arguments in opposition and support are widely held and many deserve consideration. With thoughts to the language and offensive character of the novel weighed against its value as a historical resource and specific importance to American literature and its progression, the arguments in favor of the piece being taught, with discretion, seem the most valid. Most assuredly, the disputability of the novel will continue for many years more.

Thursday, November 14, 2019

the paper :: essays research papers

Chinese Space News Marks 10th Consecutive Successful Launch of Long March Yesterday's ChinaStar-1 launch was the 52nd launch by Chinese Long March rocket and the fourth by a Long March 3B, the country's most powerful launch vehicle. Long March experienced 3 failures in 1995 and 1996. The successful launches in recent two years will undoubtely strengthen Long March's position in the competition of global launch market. The Long March 3B placed the 2984 kg ChinaStar-1 into an orbit of 201x85732km with 24.5 degree inclination. The Lockheed Martin built satellite has 24 C-band and 24 Ku-band transponders. It will be finally placed into the geostationary orbit at 87.5 degrees East longitude by Lockheed Martin in next few days. Next in line will be the Sinosat-1 built by the French group, Aerospatiale, for an official Chinese client. That launch, also by a Long March 3B, is expected in July.  [May 30, 1998] Long March 3B Successfully Launched ChinaStar-1 Long March 3B successfully launched ChinaStar-1 today, CCTV, the Chinese official television station announced today. This is the fourth launch and the third successful launch of Long March 3B, the most powerful rocket in China. Chinastar-1 was built by Lockheed Martin and will be operated by China Oriental Telecommunications.  [May 29, 1998] APT Satellite Holdings See Revenue Growth Hong Kong Satellite operator APT Satellite Holdings sees revenue growth this year despite a reduction in the satellite transponder services in Asia due to the economic slowdown. The current leasing rate for the company's third satellite, Apstar-IIR, was now at 25 per cent. But it was expected to increase more than 50 per cent by the end of the year, APT chairman Xie Gao-Jue said. The group planned to launch Apstar V or one big satellite to replace Apstar I and Apstar IA, which run out in 2004 and 2006 respectively. APT Satellite was also negotiating with a mainland firm to develop a direct broadcast satellite system, though no decision has been reached. The group's current financial status was rated "healthy" on a gearing ratio of 42 per cent. Direct effects of the Asian currency crisis were said to be minimal as the firm's revenue is in US dollars.  [May 24, 1998] AsiaSat 4 Launch Put on Hold Asia Satellite Telecommunications Holdings (AsiaSat) yesterday said it was postponing the launch of AsiaSat 4 due to a decrease in demand for telecommunication services from satellite transponders. "We will evaluate the project at the end of this year and hoped it can be launched in the year 2000,'' chief executive officer Peter Jackson said.

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Recess at school Essay

Psychology helps marketers understand why and how consumers behave as they do. Psychological concepts such as motivation and personality; perception; learning; values, beliefs, and attitudes, and life styles are useful for interpreting buying process and directing marketing efforts. Motivation- is energizing force that stimulates behavior to satisfy a need. Personality- Refers to a person’s consistent behaviors or responses to recurring situations Perception- The process by which an individual selects, organizes and interprets information to create a meaningful picture of the world. Learning- refers to the behavior that results from (1) repeated experience, (2) reasoning. The way we perceive ourselves in relation to the rest of the world plays an important role in our choices behaviors and beliefs. Understanding social psychology can be useful for many reasons. First we can better understand how groups impact our choices and actions. Additionally, it also allows us to gain a g reater appreciation for how our social perception affects our interactions with other people. Claustrophobia is an â€Å"abnormal dread of being in closed or narrow spaces† (Jeffrey, M. K., 2002). This paper will examine if the claustrophobia could have occurred through classical or operant condition or cognitive social learning. Most people who suffer from claustrophobia do not like being in tight, narrow places such as elevators or small rooms without any means of escape (Jeffrey, M. K., 2002). Studies show that most claustrophobic patients have had an experience when they were younger that have left an impression on them causing them to become claustrophobic when they became older. For example, an individual could have been trapped in an elevator for a period of time with no means of escape as a child. Individuals also have fears of being in small rooms with no means of escape and therefore do not like to close the doors to these rooms such as bathrooms (Jeffrey, M. K., 2002).

Sunday, November 10, 2019

On Monsieur’s Departure Essay

â€Å"On Monsieur’s Departure†, with its highly interpretive nature and use of strong themes and appropriate literary devices, expresses the inner turmoil of its author, Queen Elizabeth, to the reader. The basic concept of this 17th century poem is one of the divided passions of Queen Elizabeth. Elizabeth loved her country with fierce loyalty and control, but also had her own personal needs, and though it is not entirely certain as to whom this poem was referencing to, it is speculated to be about either the 2nd Earl of Essex or the Duc d’Anjou (French duke of Anjou). Essex (Robert Derereaux) was 30 years Elizabeth’s junior and was a charming, opinionated man with whom Elizabeth was completely enamored, but the relationship terminated when Essex and Elizabeth had a terrible fight and Essex directed an unsuccessful revolt against her. The tragedy pierced further when Elizabeth painfully agreed to have him executed. The duke of Anjou, who later became King Henry III, was a prime member of the French royal family, being both the duke of Anjou and Alenà §on. He was an unattractive man, both body and face, but Elizabeth fancied him enough to allow a lengthy courtship by him. This courtship ended when the duke withdrew from the marriage negotiations in 1582, but there is uncertainty as to why. Elizabeth, if gaining nothing more from this arrangement, did secure a defense alliance and French aid against Spain. The country, in Elizabeth’s mind, remained above her own personal longings – she never married and reigned as the proud Virgin Queen. The first stanza of â€Å"On Monsieur’s Departure† contain uses of Petrarchan conceit, paradox, and the theme of disassociation between the queen and her desires. The Petrarchan conceit (common in Elizabethan love poems) is seen for example in line 2, â€Å"I love and yet am forced to seem to hate†. These comparisons of love and hate are extreme, as the conceptions of both love and hate are the most ultimate and divergent emotions in the English language and do demonstrate a distinct parallel. The literary paradox (statement which is contradictory yet sensical) is prominent in this poem, and can be seen in many instances. The main examples of this are Elizabeth’s contradictions shown in line 2 with â€Å"love† and â€Å"hate†, and in line 5, where she states, â€Å"I am and not, I freeze and yet am burned†. In line 5, the  figure of paradox is evident in â€Å"am† and â€Å"not†, as well as â€Å"freeze† and â₠¬Å"burned†. The recurrent disassociative theme is very prominent, suggesting Elizabeth’s frustration between being a ruler, with obligations and expectations, and being a human being, with inner yearnings and the need for expression . This is especially noticeable when Elizabeth states, â€Å"I seem stark mute but inwardly do prate†¦./Since from myself another self I turned† (4 and 6). Elizabeth is saying how she remains silent about her inner turmoil, but is churning inside with thoughts and concerns. Also, Elizabeth is saying how she turned from herself to another. This could be taken as either Elizabeth pushing aside that part of herself to remain a competent and commanding ruler, or as Elizabeth turning to another person (either the Duc d’Anjou or Essex) for personal reasons and her culpability for doing so. This theme continues throughout the poems through use of other literary contrivances and intricate wording. In the second stanza of â€Å"On Monsieur’s Departure†, Elizabeth includes figurative language, alliteration and the subject of an unattainable self to voice her thoughts. The application of figurative language (expression which uses comparison to describe) is present in line 7, where Elizabeth uses a simile (comparison using ‘like’ or ‘as’). It is written, â€Å"My care is like my shadow in the sun†, stating that to Elizabeth, there is a comparison between her care and her shadow when in the sun. This can be interpreted in many ways, but it is because a simile is used that a mental picture develops to compare the two. The use of alliteration (the repetition of like sounds in speech ) is seen in line 8, where the initial ‘f’ consonants are repeated. The line, â€Å"Follows me flying, flies when I pursue it†, with use of alliteration is concise and artful, with a condense accumulation of emotion. The theme of Elizabeth ’s care (of this man) being unattainable for her to grasp is very eminent in this stanza, with two supporting examples. The first comes in lines 7 and 8, where Elizabeth conveys, â€Å"My care is like my shadow in the sun,/Follows me flying, flies when I pursue it†. She is articulating that her own personal feelings are unconstrained to her, without the control she is wishing to enforce. The second instance in line 11, â€Å"No means I find to rid him from my breast,† expresses not that there is a physical person which she feels the need to remove, but instead that  Elizabeth believes that there is no way to eradicate the thoughts and feelings she has for this man from her heart. This continuing theme of separation from oneself and separation from emotional control is echoed throughout the poem, creating a delicate symmetry between each stanza, and allowing them to unite. The third stanza of â€Å"On Monsieur’s Departure† embraces again figurative language, repetition, and a final accumulation of sentiment through deliberative wording. In this stanza, Elizabeth uses a very important metaphor (expression relating one thing to another) to represent herself. She writes, in line 14, that she is â€Å"made of melting snow†, a phrase which captures thoughts and images that may otherwise not have been so evident. Saying that she is â€Å"made of melting snow† tells the reading audience that Elizabeth is weakened by this, or that she is softened but not yet defeated – the interpretations are ceaseless, which makes this an important part of this final stanza and of the whole poem. The repetition Elizabeth uses in this stanza are towards the end, when she writes, â€Å"Let me or float or sin, be high or low./Or let me live with some more sweet content,/Or die and so forget what love ere meant† (16-18). By using this series of choices as her final statement, Elizabeth is implying a sense of urgency and desperation in her search for a solution. Her final statement is left with a final, hopeless alternative – for her to die and forget about love. By reading these alternatives, each worse than the next, the reader is left with a final note of despondency and a climax of emotion which is expressed with phrases like â€Å"be more cruel†(15), â€Å"float or sink†¦ high or low† (16), and â€Å"die and so forget†. These are intense statements that leave the reader silent from their effect. That is the essence of this poem, a pull and tug game of emotions, with no end solution other than to live forward and exist with ever-constant turmoil, to live, to rule, to sacrifice oneself for something greater. Through the use of different literary devices and a powerful backing theme, Queen Elizabeth has left the world with a literary victory. This poem is a saddening one, but as a love poem, it is expressing not only the pain, frustration and despair longing can produce, but also the strength and might  that backs it.